Dr. Liang Ssu-yung (1904-1954) of Guangdong Province’s Xinhui County origin, the second son of Liang Qichao, was born in Shanghai in 1904, but some say he was born in Yokohama in Japan. He attended elementary school in Japan in his childhood and returned to China to attend Tsing Hua University’s class for studying abroad in the United States. He later went to Harvard University Institute to study archaeology and anthropology and participated in the excavation of the ancient archaeological sites of Indians. During his time studying abroad, he returned to China once to assume the position of teaching assistant at Tsing Hua University in order to better understand China’s archaeological situation. He organized the pottery shards excavated by Dr. Li Chi at Shanxi Province’s Xiyin village prehistoric site and wrote an English monograph. 　　After graduating in 1930, Dr. Liang Ssu-yung returned to China and joined the archaeology team at Academia Sinica’s Institute of History and Philology. He went to the archaeological site of Angangxi in Heilongjiang to perform excavation work, and later went along Liao River to investigate Neolithic sites. In the following spring, he participated in the excavation work at Xiaotun and Hougang sites in Henan Province’s Anyang County. After directing the second excavation at Chengziya archaeological site at Longshan town in Shandong Province’s Licheng County in the fall season, he was later diagnosed with potent pleurisy and was confined to bed rest for two years. When Dr. Liang Ssu-yung recovered from his illness in 1934, he went to Anyang to direct the excavation of Xibeigang. This time, the scale of the excavation was much larger, there was more manpower, the fieldwork was more meticulous, and the archaeological findings were more bountiful than ever before. This was an unprecedented feat in China. The ten royal tombs of Shang Kings and thousands of burial pits that were excavated revealed the situation of Shang dynasty’s slave society and provided the society of Ancient China with important scientific information. 　　Just when Dr. Liang was setting out to write a report on Xibeigang, the Sino-Japanese war erupted. His life was displaced by the war as he wandered from place to place, following the Institute of History and Philology as it relocated to different locations. When he was in Sichuan, the institute was located on the top of a mountain; he would climb up the mountain on Mondays and climb back down on Saturdays, completely absorbed in his work to notice the time of day. On a summer evening, the occasion of a group of people putting down their work at hand temporarily to chat with one another and waving their fans amongst the sweltering heat and onslaught of mosquitoes can be another form of enjoyment. As he was not accustomed to the sultry weather of summer and wet and cold weather of winter, he was confined to bed rest in the summer of the second year. While on his sickbed, Dr. Liang continued to write his report of Xibeigang. Only the first draft of the report’s first to seventh chapters as well as two tables was completed before he headed to Chongqing for surgery. The incomplete draft of the Xibeigang report was transported to Taiwan, where it was edited and completed by Kao Ch’u-hsun into a series of books called Hou Chia Chuang and published in several volumes. 　　The first stage of the excavation of the Yin Ruins was directed by Tong Tso-pin with the goal of exploring oracle bones, and it was during that time that the “Yin Ruins Flood Theory” was proposed. When Dr. Li Chi directed the second and third excavations, he held the same view, misjudging that the cultural layer was formed by sediments as a result of flood. Ever since Dr. Liang Ssu-yung participated in the fourth excavation at the Yin Ruins, the archaeology of China moved into modern archaeology, and the level of archaeology fieldwork was significantly raised. He entirely rejected the “Yin Ruins Flood Theory” and restored the architecture foundations of the Yin Ruins when he discovered archaeological remains such as vaults and stone bases of wooden columns on top of the rammed earth. Moreover, he confirmed the overlying relationships of Yangshao, Longshan, and Shang culture and determined the sequence of development of these cultures for the first time. The discovery of the three layers at Hougang established a model for the archaeology of China and became a significant sign of China’s modern archaeology taking a step toward the stage of maturity. Furthermore, China’s first large scale fieldwork report “Ch’eng-tzu-yai” authored by Dr. Liang Ssu-yung became a model for later reports. In his paper “The Lung-shan culture: a prehistoric phase of Chinese civilization”, which has remained an incisive piece of writing in the research of the Longshan culture, he conducted a comprehensive and concise exposition of Longshan culture’s features, the division of the three regions (coastal Shandong, northern Henan, and Hangzhou Bay), stratum, and era as well as the relationship of the Shang culture. 　　On the one hand, Dr. Liang Ssu-yung in his short lifetime also made important contributions to the cultivation of China’s archaeologists. Hsia Nai, Liu Yao (Yi da), Kuo Pao-chun, Shih Chang-ju and Kao Ch’u-hsun among others all received Dr. Liang’s influence and training during the excavations of the Yin Ruins and gradually made related information and research results public. He also envisioned the overall planning for China’s archaeological fieldwork and objects of research, which became an effective blueprint for later successive long term planning. 　　The intelligent and proactive Dr. Liang Ssu-yung was unfortunately struck by serious illness, and news broke out in 1954 of Dr. Liang Ssu-yung‘s death and of the passing of China’s first generation modern archaeologist. Nevertheless, he made remarkable contributions for the archaeology of the Yin Ruins as well as the archaeology of China, establishing immortal monuments in the history of China’s archaeological development.